The effectiveness of forward chaining with video prompting and token economy to improve bathing independence in children with moderate intellectual disabilities

Abstract

Children with moderate intellectual disabilities often face difficulties in self-care skills, including independent bathing, which affects their quality of life and increases dependency on others. Independence in bathing is a fundamental skill that plays an important role in building self-confidence and personal well-being. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the forward chaining method supported by video prompting and token economy in improving bathing independence in children with moderate intellectual disabilities. The research was conducted at Wisma Dempo, Malang, involving a 7-year-old girl who was not yet independent in bathing. The method used was an experimental design with a Single Subject Research (SSR) model A-B-A. Data were collected through observation using a checklist based on the WeeFIM assessment tool with a 1–7 rating scale. The results showed an increase in bathing independence scores from the baseline phase to the intervention phase, as well as retention of independent behavior even after the intervention was withdrawn. The findings suggest that the combination of forward chaining, video prompting, and token economy is effective in improving the bathing independence of children with moderate disabilities.