The relationship between physical activity, sport, and social health in individuals with autism spectrum disorder

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between physical activity, sport, and social health in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), highlighting how structured movement-based interventions support social adaptation and psychosocial development. ASD frequently results in limitations in communication, socio-emotional reciprocity, and participation in social environments, thereby increasing vulnerability to social isolation. In this context, physical activity and sport serve as powerful instruments for fostering functional social behaviors, enhancing self-esteem, and reducing anxiety. The reviewed literature demonstrates that physical activity contributes not only to sensory regulation and motor development but also to learning mechanisms associated with imitation, empathy, and cooperative interaction. Team-based sporting environments provide natural social learning contexts that enable individuals with ASD to practice social engagement through shared rules, collaboration, and mutual responsibility. The findings further underscore the importance of motor competence and physical confidence in encouraging individuals to approach social settings and sustain interpersonal relationships. The review highlights the necessity of implementing inclusive physical activity policies, interdisciplinary professional support, and long-term programming to strengthen social integration. Overall, the study demonstrates that physical activity and sport play a critical role in improving the social health and quality of life of individuals with ASD by increasing their capacity to participate meaningfully in social life.